Society Essays - Social Philosophy, Metaphysics, Autonomy, Will

Society What does man owe society? I think man owes society a great deal of things. We owe society our regard for the laws the greater part of all. We ought to comply with all the laws the administration has given regardless of whether we believe they're not to our benefit. On the off chance that everybody would simply comply with the laws, this general public would be near great. The laws are there for an explanation, so individuals ought to obey them which is as it should be. Something else man owes society is the information that he learns all through his life. Man learns a great deal of things during his life, and these things educated ought to be passed down starting with one age then onto the next. This applies to individual information particularly. Something that has been learned and can help better the general public ought to be instructed to everybody. No information ought to be kept down. Something else man owes society is his self reliance. Individuals shouldn't depend on society to help them except if they are really needing assistance. Man should put forth a valiant effort exertion to help himself. What does society owe man? One extremely significant thing society owes man is assurance and security. Laws are the primary concern culture gives to protect individuals from anything that may hurt them. In any case, remember, laws possibly work on the off chance that they are complied. Something else society owes is its information that has been learned through the a long time. Everybody ought to have a similar chance to realize what is accessible. Society has to give these things so they can be continued and will never be overlooked. Despite the fact that there are likely more things that man owes society and that society owes man, I think these are the most significant. In the event that everybody would simply contribute to society and society would contribute all to man, we most likely would be more joyful throughout everyday life.

The Multitasking Generation an Article by Claudia Wallis Essay

In spite of the fact that there are some beneficial outcomes, the unfriendly effect of innovation on training has been remarkable. The innovation network has endeavored to bring valuable innovation into our study halls, all with well meaning goals to widen our insight. With these sincere goals additionally came about undesirable reactions, for example, interruption and disturbance in the homeroom. I can obviously recollect a considerable lot of my instructors shouting at us to put our mobile phones, iPods, and iTouch telephones away particularly during talk and tests. The hollering was not without worthwhile motivation, understudies cheated with their gadgets alongside refreshing their Facebook pages during class as well. Despite the fact that being presented to advances like PCs since the beginning may have enabled us to do things all the more proficiently, innovation has additionally made us less reliant on ourselves. Claudia Wallis, manager for Time, in her article makes known in The Multitasking Generation, â€Å"That level of multiprocessing and relational availability is presently so ordinary that it’s simple to overlook how rapidly it happened. Fifteen years back, most home PCs weren’t even connected to the Internet† (63). There are numerous things that understudies can do on their PC that their folks aren't even mindful of or that the guardians couldn’t do themselves. My folks consistently recount how glancing through the library’s card inventory and scanning for the books they required uniquely to discover that they have been taken out. PCs have permitted us to do numerous things quicker for instance, compose a lot quicker than a typewriter or pen and paper and right composing blunders without beginning once again. The PCs and innovation we currently have makes it simpler to nearly anything and with innovation so effectively readily available it o... ... there is no uncertainty that it will be utilized as an instructive apparatus and similarly as there are concerns now, there will be concerns at that point. I accept that in the next years physical study halls will be a relic of times gone by, with virtual study halls turning into the standard. With these virtual homerooms there will be considerably more reason for concern, and in the event that they do turn into the standard who comprehends what different wellsprings of interruptions there will be. There will consistently be innovation as long as there are individuals whether for better or for more terrible and their advances will consistently be discussed. Innovation, for example, PCs, iPads, and mobile phones ought to be utilized unassumingly in the homeroom. Utilizing innovation for everything during our day by day lives hampers our own freedom. To remain sharp disapproved in the study hall, individuals need to depend more on them and less on the innovation that overwhelms their life today.

Loan Sharks Youre Going to Need a Better Loan

Loan Sharks Youre Going to Need a Better Loan Loan Sharks: You’re Going to Need a Better Loan Loan Sharks: You’re Going to Need a Better LoanSharks are stealthy, dangerous and so much fun to observe (from the safety of your couch). But what about the other dangerous predators that share their name?Updated: May 3, 2018DUUUNN DUN, DUUUNN DUN! Shark week might only come  once a year, but theres one kind of shark thats always skulking around, waiting to feast on your finances: the dreaded loan shark.Heres something we all can (probably) agree on: real, water-based sharks are fascinating. Theyre stealthy, dangerous, and so much fun to watch from the comfort of your couch as they turn the vast ocean food chain into their own personal buffet.But while sharks might be dangerous if youre a dolphin or particularly dense bloom of plankton, the truth about sharks is that theyre much less vicious than the predators who share their name.While normal sharks feast on schools of fish, loan sharks spend their time terrorizing humanity, patrolling underbanked neighborhoods and the depths of t he internet (were looking at you, shady online payday loan companies!) for fresh meat.Want to avoid being devoured by a predatory payday or title lender? Throw on your scuba gear and join OppLoans as we hit the high seas and hunt us some loan sharks!What do sharks and payday lenders have in common? A lengthy sordid past, for one.Sharks as a species have been around for a long time, about 400 millions years, to be exact. In fact, these terrifying beasts of the open sea actually predate dinosaurs. Okay, so loan sharks dont date back  that  far. But ever since loans have been a thing (and those suckers are mentioned in The Bible, so its been a while), there have been loan sharks out here taking advantage of borrowers.Lets take a step back for a moment. What is a loan shark, exactly? The media commonly refers to modern-day loan sharks as predatory lenders, and these are companies that charge unreasonably high interest rates to borrowers who may be unable to repay their loans.Like a grea t white shark stalking an injured killer whale, predatory loan sharks look for prey thats down on its luck, targeting primarily underprivileged communities filled with individuals who have no other options for fast cash.When faced with a financial emergency, people with bad credit, low incomes, and no way to access traditional lines of financing like bank loans or credit cards, often turn to predatory lenders offering no credit check loans.But many payday and title loan sharks dont even verify borrower income before doling out the loan, and when all is said and done, a cash-strapped borrower can be trapped in a seemingly endless cycle of debt, when those sky-high interest rates come back to bite them.Some examples of loan sharks? Storefront and online payday lenders, who charge upwards of 400 percent APR (annual percentage rate), and give borrowers crazy-short terms (sometimes as little as 14 days) to repay their loans.Which is more dangerous? A loan shark, or a regular shark?Ask a shark that question, and hell tell you his species gets a bad rap. Were inclined to agree.In 2012, the average payday loan borrower took out eight loans (for about $375 each) and paid $520 in interest and fees alone.  Consider that for a moment. Paying that much for a small loan from a bank is unheard of, and even though credit card interest can be a dangerous thing to play with, you wont see credit card borrower paying more than 400 percent APR!Why are borrowers who are already struggling financially being hunted by these predators?Because they pay.According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 80 percent of payday loan borrowers take out another loan within a month of paying off their previous loan.  Meanwhile, just 3 percent of the known 500 species of shark are known to have attacked humans.Do you want to know what the average number of people killed by sharks every year is? (Drumroll, please.) Its ONE. By contrast, in 2010, 12 million Americans took out a payday loan la st year.You tell us whats more dangerous: taking a refreshing ocean swim, or drowning in debt? Well take our chances in the salt water, thank you very much!Dont be a loan sharks next victim.Heres the rub: just because you THINK you have to do business with a loan shark, doesnt mean you actually do. Sure, your credit might be shot, and you might not have the cash you need to make your next rent, utility or car payment. But dont let those smooth-talking sharks convince you theyre your only hope.A better option? Get a safe and responsible personal installment loan from OppLoans.Instead of being forced to take out a small cash loan with sky-high interest rates theyll need to pay back within two weeks, our customers receive loans between $1,000 and $10,000, which have up to 36 months to repay.OppLoans provides fast cashâ€"even to people with bad or no creditâ€"with interest rates that are up to 125 percent lower than payday lenders.In addition to our lower rates and more flexible terms, we report payments to the  credit bureaus which can improve your credit score as you pay off your loan over time.Want to learn more about predatory lenders? Check out these related pages and articles from OppLoans:A Field Guide to Spotting Predatory LendersAs a Payday Lender, I think Payday Loans are Great, by a Guy in a Top Hat and MonocleHow to Avoid Bad Credit Loan Scams5 Alarming Payday Loan StatisticsWhat are your best tips for steering clear of loan shark waters?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Gay Marriage Shouldn t Be Something That The State Is...

Rashid Ivery Professor Stuart ENGL 1320 April 26, 2015 Gay Marriage Gay marriage shouldn’t be something that the state is against seeing as it is a personal matter. Gay and lesbian people are well-abiding citizens that are productive members of society so why shouldn’t they be afforded the rights the so many others enjoy in this country? The focal points of American culture are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness so it’s interesting to see that in Texas that statement has apparent limitations. Throughout the different parts of America there are many examples of subliminal discrimination against the LGBT Community. As troubling as this may sound there are many different ways to rectify these situations. By gripping the attention of†¦show more content†¦And because a separation between church and state exist legislature can t run off the notion that marriage is some gift from heaven. Government taking this stance against gay marriage is in many ways detrimental to the American culture as a whole. A straight person saying gay marriage affects them is like saying everyone can’t eat fast food because you’re on a diet; the two are completely independent. When the government begins to try and use legislature as a means to a social barrier you begin to stray into the realm of communism. Trying to force your ideology onto someone and strip them of their individuality is a social travesty. As recognized by the information Toubias writings, â€Å"†¦the complexities of gay relationships are not well understood because of the distinct lack of adequate research regarding the experience of individuals in gay relationships..†(Toubia) How can we expect for the public to evolve their thinking when they have no new knowledge on a subject they already have a pre-conceived notion about? Truth is, we can’t. Diversity in many ways is the American way of life and forcing people into a one track mind strips the country of what makes this country unique. There are 37 states that have already legalized same-sex marriage which is a little over half; meaning nearly half the country is either indifferent or in support of the LGBT movement. Such a segmented opinion on a social issue like this can cause divides in

The Health Care Of The Public Health Field - 770 Words

I became drawn to the health care field during my teenage years, when I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease affecting various joints. As I went through years of treatment, my physician and other medical professionals were profoundly helpful and motivational in keeping a positive attitude. They were also inspirational as I saw the genuine goodness that they felt from helping people. As a result of all the help and emotional support that I received from these medical providers throughout my youth, I have chosen to pursue a career in the service of others through the public health field. My career goal is to be a health care system policy analyst at the federal level while being employed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Every person should have access to affordable and quality health care service. I wish to be involved in the recommendation and implementation of future health care policy changes in reference to preventive medicine that will improve the overall quality and affordability of care for all individuals. Through public health, positive changes in the individual can lead to constructive health lifestyle modifications in the community and then society as a whole. Encouraging people to become more engaged in their own health and the health of others is another goal of mine. Confronting the experience of being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at a young age and the subsequent treatment that went along with it taught me howShow MoreRelatedThe Nursing Career1082 Words   |  4 PagesCommunities are dynamic, and nurses must adapt to and be able to provide patients with whatever care is needed.† (Meadows, 2009). The PHN uses clinical knowledge along with an ecological viewpoint. A public health nurse can practice in clinics, health departments, faith-based organizations, mobile vans, homes, correctional facilities, occupations, community centers and hospitals. There is no setting that a public health nurse cannot practice to deliver a community-focused intervention. Delivering a successfulRead MoreHealth Issues Of The Public Health Field857 Words   |  4 Pagesin the past and the recent present have had many public health issues that were hard on them, and they had to deal with these problems more than men did. However, they have overcome some of these issues, but there are still issues in the public health’s area women are still dealing with. Unfortunately, women’s issues were only mentioned if they had to do with maternity care only, and rather than that they were ignored. Anything beyond maternity care was not on the spot for women, and that had themRead MoreThe Medical Field, No Observation Goes Without Documentation1369 Words   |  6 PagesIn the medical field, no observation goes without documentation; in other words, if it was not documented, it never happened. Therefore, health care professionals must place a great importance on where, when, and how he/she records patient information. Traditionally, patient data has bee n filed papers kept by the hospital but in the last eight years, hospitals have been encouraged to transfer to Electronic Health Records (Balestra). Electronic health records are digital sources of patient informationRead MoreI Visited Wilmington Health Access For Teens For A Field Experience Observation1211 Words   |  5 Pagesvisited Wilmington Health Access for Teens for a field experience observation. Through this experience I observed different types of people seeking care in the clinic. Some people I saw in the clinic were African American females with children and Caucasian females. People who come into the clinic are seeking medical assistance and following up on routine examination appointments. I learned of different barriers when accessing care at the clinic and types of presenting health problems among adolescentsRead MorePublic Health1163 Words   |  5 PagesPUBLIC HEALTH Health is the word used to describe how your body feels. Being healthy is important because it makes you feel good and live longer. The field of health psychology is focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Health psychologists also focus on understanding how people react, cope and recover from illness. Some health psychologists work to improve the health care system and the government s approach to health care policy. HealthRead MoreNursing Shortage: Causes, Concerns, and Impacts1839 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasingly desperate for an employment opportunity, the nursing field or profession continues to have a huge need for staff. According to studies by employment services, the nursing profession is regularly ranked as one of the hot hiring sectors of the coming decade. Nonetheless, the supply of staff in this field seems not to catch up with the demand for nurses despite of the increased rate of unemployment. The need for more nurses in this field in the future originates from the aging baby boomer populationRead MoreA Career in Public Health Essay examples1247 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt, with the advances in technology as a population we are continuing to live longer; yet with the cost of medical care constantly on the rise, is it any wonder an industry would develop out of the concept of â€Å"preventative† maintenance? We are all too aware of this concept. Everyone from l arge corporations who strive to maintain their expensive equipment in an attempt to secure the bottom line, to the local neighbor who would rather afford the costs of preventative maintenance overRead MoreStatement of Purpose745 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose Health Care is a Right Not a Privilege – Jan Spence, Kimberley Clark Foundation. Regrettably the above slogan perfectly suits the present condition of healthcare in my country. An endeavor to bring about a change is the prime motive for me in aspiring to be a Public Health Professional. In present time the world faces a lot of changes in healthcare systems. In my home country India lot of conversions are happening. The changes varies from eliminating chronic epidemic diseaseRead MoreA Comparison of Community Psychology and Public Health1179 Words   |  5 PagesCOMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. In this assignment the key differences and similarities of community psychology and the public health approach will be examined and critically compared. Community Psychology is a branch of psychology which is concerned primarily with achieving positive mental health in the broader context of the community rather than the individual. Public health is primarily concerned and focused on changing behaviours within the context of the public in order to lower theRead MoreReflection Of Medical Informatics1424 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare organizations and the importance of data capture and analysis in improving public health. One of the major misconceptions I had was that this course would not cover wide range of factors influencing the biomedical informatics field. Much to my surprise, the course provided a comprehensive analysis of factors related to biomedical informatics, including but not limited to EHR systems, interfaces, Health Information Exchanges, Meaningful Use (MU) requirem ents, and controlled medical vocabularies

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 33 Free Essays

â€Å"What happened?† Cassandra asked. â€Å"Are you OK?† I wasn’t sure. I’d been here, but not here. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 33 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Myself, yet not myself. The sensation should have been frightening; instead it had been†¦ â€Å"Comforting.† My voice was my own again. I no longer felt†¦ full. â€Å"What was comforting?† Cassandra asked. â€Å"Erzulie. She’s like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again I groped for a word to describe her. â€Å"A mother.† I tilted my head. â€Å"If you say so.† My mother was nothing like Erzulie. Cassandra frowned, but she refrained from exploring that avenue, thank goodness. Bending, she untwined Lazarus from her ankle, then dumped him into his box. â€Å"Tell me everything,† she ordered, so I did. When I was finished, Cassandra bit her lip, and her forehead crinkled. I began to get uneasy. â€Å"What?† I asked. â€Å"You went further than anyone else ever has. Most only hear the voice of the loa, become a little scrambled. You traveled to Ife.† â€Å"I didn’t go anywhere. Did I?† â€Å"Not physically.† â€Å"I just traveled to He in my head.† I paused. â€Å"What’s He?† â€Å"There’s a town called Ife in Nigeria, but the one you went to is a legendary place, the mecca of vodoun, where the revelations of the has came to the first faithful.† â€Å"Terrific,† I muttered. â€Å"And what about this?† I showed her the petal of the fire iris that I’d picked in a place I hadn’t actually gone. â€Å"I can’t believe you brought a piece back.† â€Å"What does it mean that I did?† â€Å"Not sure.† â€Å"Wow. You’re as helpful as she was.† Cassandra ignored me. I wished I could do that whenever someone was annoying. Instead, I always felt compelled to sarcasm them to death – or at least until they went away. â€Å"Keep the petal nearby,† Cassandra said. â€Å"Any questions you have should soon be answered.† â€Å"Just like that? Poof. I know the truth?† â€Å"Got me.† I narrowed my eyes. â€Å"What happened in the past when you performed this ceremony?† â€Å"The has came, inhabited someone else, and answered their questions.† â€Å"Truthfully?† â€Å"Loas don’t he.† â€Å"Then why didn’t she answer me?† â€Å"Maybe you had too many questions. Maybe she didn’t know the answers. Maybe you could only discover the truth by seeing it yourself.† â€Å"Maybe this is all bullshit.† Cassandra tilted her head, and I had to admit, if the previous hour had been bullshit, it was extremely convincing bullshit. â€Å"Never mind.† I tightened my fingers around the petal. â€Å"I’ll just wait for the answers. Should be along anytime now.† â€Å"You believe?† she asked. I considered the question, remembered what had happened, where I’d been, how I’d felt â€Å"Yeah.† How could I not? â€Å"I need to do some research,† Cassandra said. â€Å"Make some calls. Find out why you traveled to Ife. How you could have brought something out.† A thought occurred to me. â€Å"Isn’t there bom good and bad voodoo?† â€Å"They’re mirror images. Can’t have one without the other.† â€Å"So Erzulie might have been bad.† â€Å"No. The has are all about truth. It’s the maker of the magic who brings about good or bad. We call the evildoers ‘ones who serve the has with bom hands.'† â€Å"You used both hands.† â€Å"It’s an expression. Don’t you trust me?† She appeared so crestfallen, I wanted to reassure her, but I didn’t want to lie, either. â€Å"I’ve never dealt with voodoo, Cassandra. For all I know you could have been calling Satan himself. He could be running around New Orleans having a grand old time.† â€Å"He already is,† she said dryly. â€Å"Ha-ha.† â€Å"You spoke to the loa, Diana, which means the good or the evil intent came from you. Are you evil?† I thought about it. â€Å"Sometimes.† â€Å"That just makes you human. When you asked for help, direction, truth, did you ask so you could use the result to hurt someone else?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Then go in peace.† I glanced at my watch and my eyes widened. â€Å"It’s almost morning.† â€Å"Time flies,† Cassandra said. â€Å"Let me put that petal into something before you ruin or lose it.† She rustled through the mess on one of the shelves and came up with an empty gris-gris bag. â€Å"Do you have those lying around all over the place?† I asked. She didn’t bother to answer, just held open the bag. I hesitated. â€Å"Will it work in there?† â€Å"Of course.† I guess I had to take her word for it. I should leave. I wanted to discover if the petal would reveal the truth, but – â€Å"How will I know what’s true?† â€Å"You just will.† â€Å"That is so not helpful.† â€Å"It’s like love – you’ll just know.† â€Å"I’ll know the love I’m afraid is contrived is real because I’ll just know. That makes no sense.† â€Å"What does?† As usual, she ignored my scowl. â€Å"If you find a charm, destroying it should break the spell.† â€Å"What does a charm look like?† â€Å"Could be a gris-gris, or maybe a fetish.† â€Å"Which is?† â€Å"A small figure – wood, bone, maybe stone, even cloth – fashioned into the shape of a person. Many cultures use totems for luck, for curses or charms – both good and evil.† â€Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"Find something weird, destroy it, and the magic is gone.† Although how I would destroy stone, I had no idea. â€Å"Or you could just leave it be.† I glanced up. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Is being in love with him so bad?† â€Å"I need the truth, Cassandra. That’s just the way I am.† She nodded as if she’d known I’d say that. Hell, she probably had. â€Å"If Erzulie said the truth would be revealed, it will. I’m not sure how, or why, or when, but have faith.† â€Å"Faith has never been my strong suit,† I muttered, and left If I’d had faith in Simon none of this would have been necessary. But if I hadn’t had it then, in him, how could I have it now in someone I barely knew and in something I didn’t trust? Got me. Never one to put off what I could do today, I drove past Adam’s trailer, but his car wasn’t there. I even walked out to the shack, but it was empty. So I spent my time setting up a trap in the clearing where Charlie had died. Scene of the crime and all that. Besides, I didn’t have a better idea. I also had my doubts the snare would work. If a werewolf had human eyes, it might have a human brain, and then the beast would know better than to creep into the cage and let the door close behind it. However, I planned to be sitting in a tree with my loaded tranquilizer gun. If I had to, I’d shoot the thing, men shove it inside myself. There was more than one way to skin a cat. Although I’d never actually figured out a second way. I spent several days tramping through the swamp in the heat, went to town a few times for supplies. Then I endured as many nights with very little sleep, lying alone on the floor, listening to weird noises and faraway howls that should be coyotes but weren’t. I hadn’t seen Adam, and I’d kind of stopped looking for him. I’d been all gung ho for the truth, but the more time passed, the more time I had to think about things, the more afraid I became. What if he’d misled me about something important? Something I wouldn’t be able to forgive. What if Luc had cast a spell over me, and what I felt for both of them was a lie? I didn’t want it to be a lie. Caring for Adam and his son was the first thing that had felt right in a long, long time. I considered Cassandra’s suggestion that I just let everything be. It wasn’t a bad suggestion. However, what if there wasn’t a spell? What if I truly loved Adam and he didn’t love me? I considered all the questions that had no answers as I took a sponge bath in the tributary in front of the mansion. I never had managed to rent another hotel room. I fell asleep eating a sandwich on my sleeping bag. I must have been near meltdown, because I didn’t wake up until sometime after sunset and only then because I sensed I wasn’t alone. My heart kicked up a notch, but before I could fully panic, a silhouette appeared in the window. I’d know that shape anywhere. â€Å"Adam.† He didn’t answer, just crossed the room and lowered himself onto the sleeping bag. Hell, let’s be honest, he towered himself onto me. The only thing adorning his upper body was his bracelet I liked him best that way. His khakis were soft, his body already hard. Despite the clothes, we fit together just right. Pressure, friction, heat. What more could a girl ask for? Truth. In that moment, I understood that I couldn’t go on without knowing it Where was that petal? I kept one hand on his shoulder while the other crept around like Thing from The Addams Family. I was distracted by Adam’s lips crushing mine, his tongue sweeping into my mouth. I wore loose shorts and his fingers skimmed my thigh, drifted higher, slipped beneath. His thumb stroked in a rhythm to match his tongue, and I forgot about the gris-gris bag. After my makeshift bath, the high temperature had made me opt for a thin light green camisole. I hadn’t even considered a bra. So when his lips closed around my nipple, the moist heat encircled me as if there weren’t anything between us but air. Not long after, there wasn’t. He hadn’t spoken, had barely looked at me, and I needed him to, so I touched his face. His eyes met mine at the very first thrust. My free hand clenched as did my body, and my fingers brushed the gris-gris. I gathered the small bag into my palm, and a breeze swirled through the room. Scented with cinnamon, it whispered indecipherable words but left behind a feeling of certainty. Whatever else might be a lie, this was the truth. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 33, Essay examples

Immigration Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Immigration Argumentative Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The reasons to immigrate 3 The essence of immigration4 Learn more about the effect of immigration Introduction The desire to change places and the level of life is one of the main characteristics of a human being. This desire in todays realities is called immigration. Immigration (from the Latin immigrate to infiltrate) –is an entry into a country or region for a permanent or temporary, but the long-term residence of people from other countries or regions. But to date immigration has become a big global problem, discussed at all international forums and summits, especially in the field of economy, trade and business. The reasons to immigrate There are a lot of reasons that cause people to leave their homes and immigrate to other countries. They have more economic, political, national and religious nature. People leave the borders of their homeland, leaving behind their native country, in search of better opportunities in education and careers. Many people want to improve their well-being, career growth, business growth and migrate to another country with the intention to earn more money and find a comfortable place for old age. Some people are forced to immigrate because of war, hostility, prejudice or even persecution. And others are moving just because they can and wont do it, these people are looking for adventure or just want to make something new in their lives. Immigration is often seen as either an act of courage or a  poor man`s escape. It is really needed to be a courageous person to give up everything and go abroad to work, especially when on the horizon there is not a hint of improvement in their home country. So many people decide to quit all, run away and become an immigrant. The essence of immigration Life abroad is often difficult. The difficulties of finding work, adapting, renting a house (problems with it are obvious because of the lack of credit history), opening accounts, obtaining insurance and surviving in a new environment can hardly simplify a persons life. The migrant is faced with the need to get used to a new habitat, language, and an increase in the cost of living. Not to mention the fact that the family and close friends are far away. Similarly, newly arrived people often experience complexes associated with a sense of their own inferiority to the local population, which affects self-esteem, performance and even health. The complex develops against the background of comparing oneself with the environment, lack of knowledge of the language, lack of a home, necessary documents, work, social status and other social benefits. Being a global challenge, migration always carries a threat to the stable development of those countries where migrants arrive. Forced unemployment, lack of money, occupation and any social status push migrants to obtain money and material goods. Especially migration has many negative consequences for the host country if we are talking about illegal immigration. Almost every day, from the developed countries there are reports that a group of persons who, circumventing the law, tried to get to where they can live with dignity, are detained. Stronger illegal immigration processes often pose a threat to the recipient countries, given that labor markets are severely affected. The incomes of illegal immigrants are not taxed, which leads to a loss of profits, and the population of the host country is often at risk of serious diseases. Also, the leaders of many countries of the world are concerned that illegal migrants have a negative impact not only on the socio-economic but also criminal situation. The relevance of illegal migration becomes important in connection with the activation of international extremist and terrorist organizations, as well as the expansion of the scale of drug smuggling. Thus, a direct link between illegal migration and drugs has long been established, which has become a headache for many governments around the world. .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .postImageUrl , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:visited , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:active { border:0!important; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:active , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Violence And Its Effects On Children EssayLearn more about the effect of immigration Until intolerance became an urgent problem, the government did not think about such a condition as, for example, the compulsory knowledge of the language of the country hosting the migrant, the knowledge of national values and tolerance for them. In connection with the above events, in countries where a large number of immigrants are flocking, the interesting  situation is aggravated. To date, more than a million people are coming to the United States. This is mainly due to the possibility of implementing labor and commercial activities, raising their standard of living and the standard of living of their children. This is not surprising, because the US is universally recognized as the center of attraction for professionals, where representatives of the professional elite from poorly developed countries flock to. Surprisingly, as an undisputed leader in the number of illegal and legal migrants, America remains one of the most developed countries in the world. It is obvious that immigrants have a great influence on society, politically, economically and culturally. But those who oppose immigration do not understand that these immigrants can bring and benefit. Often they play a decisive role in the presidential election and vote for the best of the candidates, which can help people improve their living standards and living conditions. Due to external migration (emigration and immigration), there is a mechanical increase in the population of the country. People who move, contribute to the spiritual and cultural development of the host country. Many economists believe that immigration increases productivity and smooths certain failures in the labor market. Since these people help states cope with the shortage of labor resources in all spheres. And if we talk about legal immigrants, they support the economy through the payment of taxes and their expenses in the host country and promote the development of international relations, establishing friendly contacts, developing trade between countries. As we can see, the phenomenon of illegal migration brings a big danger. And it will take place while there is a difference in living standards, income, political situation between countries, while the services of smugglers and cheap labor are in demand. Because of this, entire states, their populations, and their national identity are under threat. Therefore, in the current situation, many countries are forced to review their migration policies and take measures aimed at tightening the conditions for finding representatives of various ethnic groups in their territory. There are ideas that there should be a separate authority that will monitor illegal immigrants in the country. Thats why every year it becomes more difficult and more difficult to migrate to the United States or Europe. Requirements for immigrants are getting tougher, and immigration officials are more cautious about who they have admitted to their country. But doctors and teachers will not have to leave in search of a better life in other countries if in their own they will have a high-paying job and a high standard of living. Whole families will not have to leave their homeland if it is safe for them and their children. But unfortunately, the government does nothing to solve this problem. Therefore, the best way to solve the problem is to provide jobs and improve the standard of living in each country.

TAYO NGA BA Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

TAYO NGA BA? Sabi nga ni Dr . Jose P. Rizal " ang kabataan ang pag- asa ng bayan " . Ngunit sa panahon ngayon marami na ang mga kabataang nalululong sa masamang bisyo at madalas na silang makita na nakatambay sa kung saan saang lugar , papaano na tayong matatawag na pag-asa ng bayan kung ang pinag gagawa natin ay mga walang kwenta at walang naitutulong sa ekonomiya Balikan natin ang nakaraan , hindi ba't ang mga kabataan noon ay nasa loob na nang bahay kapag sapit ng ika-anim ng gabi ? Hindi ba't kapag manliligaw ka ng isang dalaga ay kakailanganin mo pang mang harana at mag igib ng tubig sa bahay ng babae para mag pakitang gilas sa mga magulang ng babae ? Ngunit ngayon saan mo na sila makikita ? Kung hindi sa mga bar ay andoon sila sa isang madilim na sulok , mayroon pa nga sa text lang nagkakatuluyan na . mayroon ding mga kabataan na nasa kanto nakaupo at nakayuko humihithit ng ipinag babawal na gamot . Matatawag pa ba natin silang pag-asa ng bayan? Marami ng hadlang sa pag unlad ng kabataan , ngunit mayroon pa din namang mga kabataan na nasa tamang direksyon , mayroon pa rin sakanila na maaari nating tawagin na pag-asa ng bayan . Ngunit sino nga ba talaga ang pag-asa ng bayan ? Kabataan nga ba talaga ?

Online Marketing Essays - Economy, Marketing, Business, Free Essays

Online Marketing Essays - Economy, Marketing, Business, Free Essays Online Marketing The internet application called the world wide Web (WWW) is one of the technological tools that is making a significant impact on marketing. The Internet is a wed of more than 2.2 million computers linked by telephone on more than 32,4000 connected computer networks and is accessible in 135 countries and territories (Kotler). This medium provides relatively inexpensive way for companies to advertise their products to millions of people, 24 hours a day. It also opens up the home-shopping market and gives consumers easier access to international markets. It is convenient for customers because they can order products wherever they are, and they don't have to deal with things like traffic, parking spaces and useless trips when items are out of stock. (Kotler). Consumers can also compare information about different or competing companies more easily because information is literally at their fingertip. Consumers don't have to deal directly with sales people and be influenced by them to mak e purchases. Companies can also stay in touch with their customers and suppliers by creating web pages and setting up internet addresses to receive e-mail from customers worldwide. The WWW also provides a quick way to link employees to remote offices that may need to formulate and develop marketing plans and strategies. The communication limke to these offices also offers the ability to distribute information like sales information more quickly, which could result in better decision making.

Article # 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article # 2 - Essay Example According to New York Times article, Aetna will pay $27.30 in cash and 0.3885 of share for each of Coventry’s shares. This payment present around 20% premium paid over the latest closing share price. The announcement of the deal brought some reaction in the stock exchange with Aetna’s share going up by 5.6%, to $40.18 while shares in Coventry went up to close at $42.04. The realizable benefits include Coventry adding over 5 million members to Aetna’s plans, which include 4 million medical members and 1.5 million Medicare part D members. This transaction will ultimately increase Aetna’s Medicaid footprint. More opportunities would be created to facilitate participation in the expansion of Medicaid. Integrating Coventry into Aetna will enable Aetna expand its core insurance business especially the fast growing government health care programs. The acquisition comes with some goodies where Aetna will be able to expand its relationships with health care providers in local geographies. According to the article the deal is expected to close by the middle of next year. I think that Coventry should accept the offer from Aetna, because Coventry debt will be covered when the deal go through. Furthermore, consolidation among various players in the healthcare is time so as to provide health services to many

The understanding of language learning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The understanding of language learning - Article Example The view of learning as changing participation is radically different from theories of second language (L2) acquisition that frame language learning as a cognitive process residing in the mind-brain of an individual learner. Many scholars in the cognitive tradition have accepted a view of language as a set of clearly delineated and internally coherent structures that are best understood as a self-contained system. The methodology followed here is that of participatory research and the main limitation of the same is the possibility of bias of the researcher owing to his or her involvement. Not enough is said about the unbiased nature of the method though we find that the researcher learns in the process. Moreover, a cross-sectional analysis would have led to a more justifiable and generalized set of results. The method followed here is a specific case though structured longitudinally. Also, the main limitation of the study is the inability to capture the ethnic or racial differences r eflected in the discursive practice because the study is based on a Vietnamese learner. The representations of the findings and the final analysis or conclusion of the researchers are presented in a complex manner and at times the observations are repetitive in nature. Even considering all limitations, the purpose and findings of the study are interesting and revealing in the area of discursive practice and the interactional process of research. ... The methodology followed here is that of participatory research and the main limitation of the same is the possibility of bias of the researcher owing to his or her involvement. Not enough is said about the unbiased nature of the method though we find that the researcher learns in the process. Moreover a cross sectional analysis would have led to a more justifiable and generalized set of results. The method followed here is a specific case though structured longitudinally. Also the main limitation of the study is the inability to capture the ethnic or racial differences reflected in the discursive practice because the study is based on a Vietnamese learner. The representations of the findings and the final analysis or conclusion of the researchers are presented in a complex manner and at times the observations are repetitive in nature. Even considering all limitations, the purpose and findings of the study are interesting and revealing in the area of discursive practice and interacti onal process of research. Capturing the over time changes in communication is the most significant part of the research. Again study explores both verbal and non verbal methods of communication which makes it more complete though not very inclusive in terms of sample choice. Excerpts i. Just before the opening of revision talk in the first conference, in Excerpt 1 â€Å"the instructor and student discuss a tragic event in the student’s life that he had written about in his paper. Years before, he had stepped on a land mine in his native country of Vietnam and, as a result, lost part of a leg. Although the event was mentioned in the student’s paper and, thus, we could say the topic of their interaction emerged from the text, their conversation focuses on topics not mentioned

Case Study of China Aviation Oil Corporation Ltd

Case Study of China Aviation Oil Corporation Ltd Risk Management and Corporate Governance A Case Study of China Aviation Oil Corporation Ltd. Background introduction to CAO China Aviation Oil (Singapore) Corporation Ltd (CAO) is the Singapore subsidiary of China Aviation Oil. CAO was established in 1993 and its main business were jet fuel (kerosene) purchase for Chinese airports and international trading of fuels. CAO developed really fast and achieved 92% market share of the procurement of imported jet fuel for Chinas civil aviation industry by 2001. However, it was then involved in a big scandal which lead to its failure. In November 2004, CAO declared a total loss of $550 million and filed for bankruptcy. timeline of critical events Q1 2003 CAO enters into speculative option trades on oil prices with a bullish view Q4 2003 CAO changed its strategy and started trading speculative option trades taking a bearish view. Oct 2004 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  international oil prices rose steeply, leaving CAO facing significant margin calls on its open (short) derivative positions. Nov 2004 in a press release CAO stated it was unable to meet some of the margin calls arising from speculative derivative trades. The total derivative losses amounted to $550m. Mar 2006 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  CEO Mr. Chen Jiulin was arrested with the charge of insider trading, fined and sentenced to 51 months imprisonment. Literature Review option-based strategies There are two types of options: call and put option. One can either long or short the two options to gain profit (speculating) or mitigate risk(hedging) from price changes. In this case, CAO started its option trading in 2002 initially to hedge its jet fuel risk thorough. derivatives of futures and swaps. However, in the mid 2003, CAO started trading in speculative derivative options. hedging A hedge is needed to mitigate the risk from potential unfavorable swings in commodities. However, considering the cost and benefit effect, a hedge is not always necessary. One needs to understand the risks to be hedged, evaluate the severity and timing of downside risks properly, consider the financial instruments available and costs of certain instruments to determine the most cost-effective way to hedge. risk management and corporate governance Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from various sources including uncertainty in financial markets, threats from project failures, legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters, or uncertain events, etc. The Board should establish appropriate guidelines for trading and ensured that they were consistent with the companys fundamental risk management policies, management capabilities and expertise, and overall risk appetite and tolerance. Senior managers (including executive members of the board) should formulate the major policies and guidelines of an institution. There should be a separation of duties between those who generate financial risks and those who manage and control these risks. Analysis CAOs trading strategies escalating bets As mentioned above, the companys trading strategy changing from hedging risks in 2002 to speculation with bullish strategy (bought calls and sold puts)in Q1 2003, which proved to be an accurate prediction. However, CAO then took a bearish view of the trend in oil prices in the fourth quarter of 2003, and began to sell calls and buy puts, with the result that it was in a short position at the end of the quarter. As the assumption was that oil prices would fall, it was further assumed that the counterparties would not extend the options, and these would therefore lapse to the benefit of the company. However, the price went further upward this time. The rise in oil prices resulted in the counterparties exercising the extendible features on options, and with the calls that were sold, the company faced the real risk of having to sell the contracted number of barrels at the strike price and realizing substantial loss. incorrect option valuation methodology The Special Auditor from PwC assigned by SGX discovered that the company used the wrong MTM valuation method by ignoring the time value, which lead to the misestimation of oil price and the wrong speculation strategy. While CAO had the chance to remedy the mistake by comparing the pricing with counterparties but the company met the margin calls without protest until it lost the financial capacity to do so at the end of September 2004. motivations behind Financial: the company developed fast and became monopoly in the market since 2000. In order to bolster its profile as well as boost investors confidence and generate more profit, the company was willing to take high risk. Political: according to exhibit 8, the year 2003 saw the burst of Gulf War. The company may want to take advantage of the war so that higher risk is acceptable as fuel is a critical resource during wars. Corporational: the lack of risk management knowledge of the CEO, insufficient management environment within the company and the inefficient external audit, as will be discussed in detail in the next section, further accelerated the fall of the big company. CAOs risk management and corporate governance In its 2003 annual report, CAO indicated that it had a formal system of rigorous internal controls over three layers. Meanwhile, other sources of control includes China Securities Regulatory Commission and External Audits. It seems that the company should have a stringent risk appetite. However, according to PwCs report, despite a continuing significant loss in 2004, in order to avoid recording and reporting losses, the company adopted a much larger risk exposure by selling longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term options with extremely high risk profiles to raise the premiums to cover the cost of closing out the lossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ making option contracts (Exhibit 1). So in effect, CAO coveredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ up the losses that were realized when closing out the lossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ making nearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dated options. Exhibit 1 It was unclear why the companys directors did not question or object to this contravention of regulations. The Audit Committee did not carry out its function of identifying and monitoring the financial risks involved in options trading, and investigating whether the risk management framework and safeguards were sufficient for dealing with the business. Follow-up Development Restructuring outcome: In response to the investigation results by PwC, CAO indicated in a press statement that it intended to form a committee to study the results and to recommend the company on specific remedial or disciplinary improvements. It also expressed the willingness to be more honest on past events and to move forward with the debt and equity restructuring exercise in a positive manner. The company then called for a creditor meeting to approve its latest debt restructuring plan on June 8. As far as I am concerned, with the resources of the parent company, both from the aspects of finance and entrepreneurship, the support from Chinese government, and the establishment of a strict risk management framework, CAO can still gain back confidence from stakeholders, which may need time and effort. Conclusion Improper application of accounting principles, lack of oversight, inadequate knowledge of market and ineffective risk management systems for the speculative options deal were the major contributing factors towards CAOs failure. We should learn a lesson from the case as factors are similar and equally applicable to different business contexts so it is important to avoid certain mistakes. References Li, S., Nadeem, M. (2010). Risk Management and Internal Control: A case study of China Aviation Oil Corporation Ltd. Farhan. (2016, April 10). China Aviation Oil (Singapore) Corporation Limiteds Jet Fuel Scandal (2005) Casestudy. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https://financetrainingcourse.com/education/2014/04/china-aviation-oil-singapore-corporation-limiteds-jet-fuel-scandal-2005-casestudy/ Yeo, A. (2014). China Aviation(Singapore) Limited- Sliding down a Slippery Slope: The $550m Derivative Trading Loss on November 2004.

Review of Medicine Literature

Review of Literature How is health promotion defined? Health promotion is a process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health (WHO, 2013). People involved in health promotion should consider the meaning of what do they think health means relating to themselves and to others. This will assist with clarifying outcomes and expectations (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 3). In order for health promotion to have a successful outcome, people must take control over all aspects of their health and life. People must be held accountable for their life decisions. Health promotion is the science of helping people change their lifestyle and behaviors. This paper will discuss the purpose of health promotion, the nursing roles and responsibilities, implementation methods, and a comparison of the three levels of health promotion prevention. Purpose of Health PromotionThe purpose of health promotion is to provide education. The emergence with new computer technology allows for mu ch more access to knowledge. The internet and smart phones have a vast base of information. It provides all forms of information. People can then make an informed decision. The ultimate goal of the health promotion model is to promote a sense of well-being, not just the absence of disease (â€Å"GCU,†2013, p. 1). Health promotion is used on the private level, the public level, and also the community level (Edelman & Mandle, 2010.). These levels are all important for the educational process. Along with improving patient outcomes, health promotion helps to decrease the costs that are always increasing in healthcare.Nursing Roles and ResponsibilitiesNurses are responsible to educate patients in every aspect. They are  the primary care givers in the medical setting. The rapport that is developed leaves a lasting impression. They are able to discuss the positive aspects of prevention and how this can provide a better life for the patient. Nurses are advocates, consultants, care managers, educators, healers, and researchers. They are part of the multidisciplinary team that provides health promotion. Their roles and responsibilities develop gradually with the improvement of health. They educate in life changing activities with a holistic approach. This would include stress management, the introduction to healthy foods, the promotion of increased physical activity, the increased benefits of adequate sleep, the reduction of alcohol, and smoking cessation.ImplementationNurses implement health promotion by providing appropriate care to all patients. Culture and diversity should be taken into consideration. Nurses need to maintain the patients’ identity and privacy. They practice the code of moral principles and values. This is met by treating patients equal regardless of age, seriousness of disease, or different cultural background. Nurses can help implement programs. They can make patients aware of resources to provide a safe environment or a vaccination program for their children.Three Levels of Health PromotionThere are three levels of health promotion. These levels are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Prevention is not only inclusive of health promotion and preventing diseases, but also curing them and limiting the progression of disease. There is no distinctive flow pattern between the three levels, but there is an overlap at times. These three levels will be discussed in relationship to three recent journal articles.PrimaryThe primary level of health promotion is considered to be educational and preventative by nature. This is in process prior to a problem. The primary prevention article discusses motivational interviewing. Women have a lack of risk perception. Through screening, risk factors are brought to light. They should be screened for past medical history, family history, smoking, physical activity, and diet. Research suggests that women should be screened using the Framingham Risk Assessment  of 10-year Global Risk (Schroetter & Peck, 2008, p. 109). This is a risk predictor. It calculates a woman’s chance for experiencing a heart attack. Nurses should also promote awareness by the various government programs such as WISEWOMAN and Go Red for Women. These are two campaigns that increase awareness of heart disease.SecondarySecondary prevention consists of early detection and diagnosis, timely treatment, and limiting disability. This would encompass mass screening surveys and selective examinations used to prevent, spread, and cure the disease process. Through limiting disabilities and providing the adequate treatment, the goal would be to prevent progression of the disease and the complications associated with the disease. Secondary prevention of stroke has focused on medical and surgical interventions.Healthcare professionals should use a multimodal approach, combining optimal medical therapies with interventions designed to support patients to make changes in lifestyle behaviors (Lawrenc e, Fraser, Woods, & McCall, 2011, p. 42). This model consists of combining medical treatment (medications) with comprehensive dietary modifications and exercise. These medications would include aspirin, statins, and antihypertensives. Nurses need to have a good understanding of the risk factors for stroke. They should also know the recommendations for healthy lifestyle choices. Interventions should be tailored to each patient.TertiaryThe tertiary level is the care and education given after the diagnosis of a disease. This level also includes restoration and rehabilitation. It also includes educating the public with selective placement and various work therapies in the hospital setting. There are many vaccines that can be considered a preventative measure for infectious diseases. Any vaccination can be given to an oncology patient if there are no contraindications. The influenza vaccination is an example that will be utilized. It is a recommendation for cancer patients. A first recom mendation was made by a gynecologist.This was for the tertiary prevention with a patient with uterine cancer. Patients that are vaccinated have a significant longer survival period (Wiwanitkit, 2010, p. 339). The influenza vaccination can decrease the infection rate and mortality due to influenza. It has been  thought that oncology patients receive the vaccination. All three levels of health promotion are equal in that they educate. The difference in educating is related to the disease process and the patients’ willingness to learn.

Spectator Violence at Sporting Events

â€Å"These people want to hurt you. It†s frightening. You feel like you†re in a cage out there†. Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator violence at sporting events has been recorded throughout history. People who have power over the events, often team owners, indirectly influence the amount of spectator violence by encouraging the factors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging crowd intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting social groups, are factors affecting the degree of spectator violence and can be proven to be influenced by the owner†s actions. Therefore the blame for spectator violence can be attributed to whoever has power over the sport. Many historians suggest that an increase in spectator violence coincides with the commercialization of sports. Anthropologists agree that in societies where games were not for profit, they were enjoyed as celebrations of physical skill without competitiveness or violence between players or spectators (Berger, 1990). However, when people gained power or financially from the sporting events, spectator violence increased (Berger, 1990). Public spectacles and games were part of the Roman Empire. Each emperor had an amphitheater and the size of the crowd reflected the emperor†s wealth or power. The emperor through crowd excitement could influence spectator violence to such an extent that gladiators could be killed or freed depending on the crowd†s effect on the emperor (Robinson, 1998). The emperor encouraged the Roman working class, â€Å"to forget their own suffering, by seeing others suffer,† while the senators, and emperor would benefit financially from gambling profits (Robinson, 1998). With the commercialization of sports, owners† profits increased with alcohol sales. Beer drinking has been an integral part of sports since the late 1870†³s. Chris van der Alie noticed that his saloon did well when St. Louis Brown Stockings were in town. As a result, he decided to sell beer at the games. On February 12, 1880, Alie signed a contract with the Browns allowing him to sell alcohol on their property (Johnson, 1988). During a game on July 6, 1881, the first alcohol related brawl broke out in the crowd, injuring twenty spectators and killing two (Johnson, 1998). The signed contract with the Browns† was a financial bonus for the owner, however permitting alcohol to be sold, might have indirectly contributed to the injuries and deaths. Alcohol sales contribute financial support to teams. â€Å"Without beer companies as sponsors, the teams would have trouble making ends meet. † Bob Whitsitt, president of Seattle Supersonics, (Berger, 1990). The more alcohol consumed, the more revenue for the owners. During the 1987-1988 season the Cincinnati Reds sold 12,610 half-barrels and 35,365 cases of beer. The amount of beer consumed averages out to a pint for every man, woman, and child who attended the 81 games the team played at home (Johnson, 1988). The team†s owner benefited with a financial profit of over 1 million dollars. Sponsorship or ownership of teams by alcohol manufacturers, increases the alcohol sales. The first major partnership of beer and baseball dates from the 1953 purchase of the Cardinals by August A. Busch, Jr. , president of the Anheuser-Busch brewery (Johnson, 1988). In twenty-five years its† sales soared from fewer than 6 million barrels a year to more than 35 million (Johnson, 1988). In addition to direct profit, alcohol also indirectly increases profit through increased attendance. In 1974, when the Cleveland Indians† fan attendance was down, the owner implemented â€Å"Beer Night† where they sold beers for 10 cents at the first game of a three game series against the Texas Rangers (Berger, 1990). Attendance was up by 3500. The night turned out to be the first and last â€Å"Beer Night†. When a brawl occurred during the 5th inning, hundreds of Indian fans charged the field and beat up the Texas Ranger players. Seventy-six people were arrested. All were intoxicated (Berger, 1990). There†s no question that the beer played a great part in the affair† (GM Eddie Robinson). Eddie Robinson did not apologize for the incident, and it took Lee MacPhail, president of American League to intervene and ban the beer nights (Johnson, 1988). The rowdy behavior contributed by alcohol consumption often accompanies the throwing of beverage containers. Cups, bottles, and cans act as stimuli and provide a throwing opportunity. In 1988, Pete Rose of Cincinnati Reds was pelted with full cups of beer and whiskey bottles, when he stormed out of the dugout to dispute a call. It was insane, many of the fans were throwing unopened beer cans† Pete Rose, (Johnson, 1988). To restrain spectator violence, many agree with not selling alcohol at sporting events. â€Å"The selling of alcohol at sporting events should be banned† (Johnson, 1988). Other solutions have been implemented, such as limiting drinking to designated areas, selling low alcohol beer, and making it more difficult to buy. The solution of prohibiting alcohol at games was never implemented (Johnson, 1988) Alcohol sales increase revenue; profits keep the owners satisfied. The owners to increase entertainment and increase attendance often promote other stimulants such as music, hearing obscenities, and aggressive play in the event or in the stands. Since sports are a source of entertainment, loud music and aggressive play in the event pump up the crowds, increasing the fans† enthusiasm. Hearing obscenities can be contagious and escalate into more swearing, name calling and fighting. An obscene cheer starts with two fans, increases to eight and soon a whole section is vibrating to the pulse. If fans take exception to the obscenities individual fights break out building into group fights, as friends come to assist. Owners are often able to control the crowd†s involvement in the game with the type of music they play and how loud they control the volume (Robinson, 1998). An excited, participatory crowd heightens the atmosphere and increases future ticket sales, benefiting the owner. However, the same atmosphere can increase hostility leading to fan violence. Basketball games attract anywhere from twenty to thirty thousand fans, whereas a gymnastic competition may attract a few hundred (Robinson, 1998). This is party due to the loud, exciting atmosphere at a basketball game. Goldstein did a study comparing crowd hostility before and after a basketball game to before and after a gymnastic competition. He proved that the hostility increased considerably for the basketball fans, and also discovered that hostility occurred no matter if the fan was rooting for the winning or the losing team (Robinson, 1998). Large sport events like basketball often use music to increase the crowd†s hostility and competitive awareness of the game. Owners often don†t realize at what point hostility turns to fan violence. This may have been the situation for Dan Goodenow, organizer of the 1988 Martin Luther King Classic basketball tournament where 5 fans were arrested, a man's face slashed, and a police officer injured during a riot (Atyeo, 1979). Coaches and game officials blamed the rap group Public Enemy, who played before the game shouting obscenities, carrying plastic guns, and working up the crowd to an extent of raucous excitement (Chapman, 1988). Owners or school leaders help create team rivalry by encouraging fans, through city or school patriotism, to support their team. With media support, owners use historical team rivalry, competitive stories, propaganda and team loyalty to promote high-ticket sales and increase profits. Excessive promotion of rivalry changes crowd cheers to jeers that can lead to violence. The most common rivalries are school rivalries. Starting as far back as 1899 the students of Colorado School of Mines and those of Colorado College would celebrate victory by using dynamite to blow up the rival†s goal posts (Taylor, 1992). During one game the presidents of the universities promoted the final game, as â€Å"The top college in Colorado will win† (Taylor, 1992). By game time, most students from both schools were there to cheer their teams on. When Colorado College was down their fans, frustrated by the score and the name-calling, stormed the field at half time where a riot broke out. When rivalry was claimed to be a factor it was no longer promoted, and violence diminished (Taylor, 1992). A similar example of rivalry leading to hostility occurred in the 1999 Red Feather game Banting vs. Westminster. To encourage attendance and raise money for charities both schools had pep rallies to pump up the students by using music, videos and chants. During half time the two schools emerged towards the center of the field taunting each other. The organizers of the rallies intent on boosting ticket sales inadvertently encouraged spectator violence. There is an increase in violence following sporting events promoting rivalry as compared to regular promotion, as seen in professional boxing following a highly talked about match. The promoters in boxing do everything they can to make sure the matches turn out violent to satisfy the crowd. David C. Phillips a sociologist studied the rate of homicides following highly publicized heavyweight championship fights. The survey was done the 3 weeks following each of 18 highly publicized bouts from 1973-1978 compared to those bouts with normal publicity (Davidson, 1983). Phillips found that there were 193 more murders, in the surrounding areas, after the promoted fights as compared to the norms (Davidson, 1983). After the highly promoted Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier fight on October 1, 1975, the murder rate shot up thirty-two percent (Davidson, 1983). Phillips theory is â€Å"people see how violence is prized in the boxing ring and come to believe that violence outside the ring will also be rewarded† (Davidson, 1983). The rewards however, are the financial rewards to the owners, through increased ticket sales and media advertising. Spectator violence may be parallel to violence in the society. For example in a violent society, play will be violent, whereas in a peaceful society play will be more peaceful. The make up of the social group contributes to the possibility of violence. Spectators can be divided into different social classes and the event advertised in areas where a particular social group is targeted for ticket sales. Often working class males are targeted, as their values and attitudes of aggressiveness, fearlessness and toughness are well suited to competitive sports (Bonney & Giulianotti, 1994). They are likely to be the fans that are betting on the game or are there for the thrills (Berger, 1990). These fans are more likely to attend contact sporting events such as rugby and to be violent, compared to the upper class fans who analyze the game are more likely to attend a cricket match. In the sport soccer, hooligans who dominate the crowds are mainly males who generally act in rough, noisy behavior (Taylor, 1992). They have lawless fun, fighting spectators, throwing objects and vandalizing property. Most hooligans are from the working class. They have low ambitions, violent behavior and high stress levels (Bonney & Giulianotti, 1994). They act out their frustrations, like the Roman working class, by attending sporting events where they loose their individualities. Fans in Glasgow, Scotland, trampled sixty-six persons to death when they tried to return to the stadium they had just left upon hearing that a last-minute goal had been scored. Berger, 1982). â€Å"Hooliganism gives the organization of a team motivation with their traditional cheers and it builds the atmosphere which builds a team† Lesie Davis, management of Peru†s soccer organization (Taylor, 1992). Major soccer teams target this low-income social class because it brings atmosphere to the game and alcohol sales and profits increase (Shumacher, 1975). In marketing ticket sales for most team sports, owners target males nineteen to forty-five. Sixty three percent of males and twenty percent of females in that age range are involved with sports whether they participate in them, or follow them (Oliver, 1971). Team owners often exclusively target males, resulting in an increase of ticket sales and merchandise. However, when males are bonded they often act violently emphasizing their masculinity, machismo, bravery and fighting skills (Tiger, 1970). Many teams in the American Baseball League in the 1970†³s were having problems concerning fan violence, and found the main instigators were males. They changed the games to Sunday, traditionally a family day and encouraged female fans by admitting them free. With women and family present the men were less likely to loose their individuality and act violently as a group. The results for the next 5 years were positive as fan violence decreased by 30 percent (Berger, 1990). By studying the occurrences, degrees, and causes of fan violence over history, owners are able to decrease the incidents of fan violence while maintaining profits and entertainment value of their organization. Slowly but effectively owners, teams, coaches and professional leagues are creating solutions to minimize fan violence. The American Baseball League, National Baseball League and the National Basketball Association participate in TEAM (Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management), which is a program for training everyone from vendors to ushers in handling people who have had too much to drink (Berger, 1982). Many of the NFL teams have moved their tailgate parties outside the stadium to eliminate the hostility caused by loud rock bands on the premises (Berger. 1990). Security cameras have been installed in many of the soccer stadiums and transportation centers to games, spotting the fans that cause the violence, and acting as deterrents for others. Controlled drinking areas, entrance controlled security checks, and increased visible security personnel are measures, which have helped to reduce fan violence in all sports. Most important, the owners need to be aware that some of their actions to benefit their organization have an indirect influence on the factors for fan violence. Sport is a basic feature of Australian culture. The achievements of Australian athletes have enhanced our image as a nation. Participation in sporting activities contributes to the health of millions of Australians; the teamwork and fair play which Australians learn on the playing field provide the basis for a good society. But Australian sport is not without shortcomings. Whilst sporting violence, on the part of both participants and spectators, is less frequent and less severe in Australia than in many overseas locations, it remains grounds for concern. Violence on the playing field sets a bad example for impressionable young Australians. Unruly crowd behaviour can spoil a pleasant family outing.

Essay Business Ethics - 1686 Words

The stockholder and stakeholder theories are two popular frameworks used to examine the purpose of business and its ethical obligations. With reference to the quote above, both theories seem rational and enjoy strong support. However, a common failing of both is typically how humans interpret and implement the theories in contemporary business environments. For instance, Enron was so focused on the raising the price of their stock that they â€Å"cooked the books to produce fake profits†1. This paper will provide a description of each theory and, analyze ethical justifications and major objections to each theory. The ethical justifications will be based on pertinent examples - policies and actions, of businesses such as Wal-Mart. Based on this†¦show more content†¦The stock chart below illustrates how Wal-Mart, one of the companies seen as being stockholder focused, has benefited its stockholders immensely over the last three decades. Ethical theories provide adequate support for the stockholder theory as detailed below. Entitlement theory maintains that if someone acquires resources by just means they are entitled to those resources. Stockholders who acquire ownership of a business by investing in it are therefore the owners of the business and entitled to its profits. The entitlement theory also states that benefiting other stakeholders at the expense of stockholder dividends is akin to stealing. Year after year, it has been quoted that â€Å"Wal-Mart pays low wages and appears to aggressively seek to keep wages down†2. In this respect, Wal-Mart’s policy on employee wages seems to indicate that they respect the stockholder rights over those of their employees. Utilitarianism theory holds the view that profit maximization directly or indirectly maximizes benefits for the greatest number of people. Wal-Mart uses its retail clout to bring the lowest possible prices to its customers and â€Å"the giant retailer is at least partly responsible for the low rate of U.S. inflation†3. Wal-Mart’s legendary toughness in dealing with suppliers forces them to improve every aspect of their operations and this can help profit growth with other customers as well. DesertShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. 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